Salicylic Acid I.P.

DESCRIPTION

In the context of the Indian Pharmacopoeia (I.P.), Salicylic Acid is a common keratolytic agent used widely in dermatological preparations. Here is the official descriptive breakdown you’d typically find in the monograph.

Technical Description: Salicylic Acid I.P.

1. Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: Fine, white, or colorless, acicular (needle-like) crystals or a white crystalline powder.

• Odor: Odorless or has a very faint, characteristic odor.

• Taste: Sweetish at first, then acrid.

   

2. Chemical Structure & Formula

• Chemical Name: 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid.

   

• Molecular Formula: $C_7H_6O_3$

   

• Molecular Weight: $138.12$

   

3. Solubility Profile

The solubility of Salicylic Acid is a critical factor for formulation. According to I.P. standards:

• Slightly soluble in water.

• Freely soluble in ethanol (95%) and ether.

• Soluble in boiling water.

• Sparingly soluble in chloroform.

4. Identification Tests

To confirm the substance is Salicylic Acid I.P., the following tests are typically performed:

• Ferric Chloride Test: A solution of the sample treated with ferric chloride solution yields an intense reddish-violet color, which persists after the addition of a little acetic acid.

• Melting Range: It should melt between 158.5°C and 161°C.

  5. Storage and Safety

Storage: Should be stored in well-closed, light-resistant containers to prevent degradation.

Labeling: The label must state if the substance is intended for external use only, as it is highly caustic to mucous membranes in pure form.